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EFFECTS OF LOGGING ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 
Contents: - 
Destruction of habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity Destroying the soil nutrient distribution Global climate change or local heating Increasing the rate of erosion Impact on the hydrological system Impact on the geomorphological system 

Explanation: - 

Destruction of habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity: a variety of fauna and flora species threatened with extinction and destruction resulting from excessive logging.When forests are destroyed, the main function as the main producers will also suffer destruction. Wildlife that depend on plants as herbivores will lose food sources. For example, elephants, deer, monkeys and others. Damage to ecosystems, such as the destruction of food chains, energy cycles biotic and abiotic components that would disrupt the local ecological balance. Overall ecological disturbances will occur when forests are destroyed 
Destroying the soil nutrient distribution: in addition, the impact of logging activities would also destroy the circulation of nutrients in the soil. In the natural circulation of nutrients will occur with the full and complete under the forest trees. However, if there is deforestation, soil nutrient chains, and quickly disappears as the surface water runoff increases sharply in the forests bare. The process of photosynthesis will also be destroyed at once interrupted the circulation of nutrients. 
Global climate change or local warming: rising temperatures around the absence of protection that prevents the sun's rays, and the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Next will reduce rainfall or rainfall patterns change would be made up to create the phenomenon of drought. Reduction of humidity due to the function to release water vapors into the air through transpiration is lost or reduced. The air around the dry and hot weather. Forests are no longer able to work to simplify the temperature bahangan by trapping the sun and releases water vapors through the process of sweating. 
Increasing the rate of erosion: the effects of logging also contributes to soil erosion.When forests are cut down, tree roots no longer grip the ground under the surface of the earth. If no roots to grip the ground, causing a loose soil structure. When it rains, rain water flow will cause the structure of the soil is soft and smoothly. Soft ground and will move smoothly down the hill slopes and landslides took place. Landslide not only damage the forest ecosystem, but also endanger human life like in Bukit Antarabangsa. 

Effects on hydrological systems: logging also causes the hydrologic cycle becomes unstable. Logging also reduces the rate of susupan water into the soil and thus reduce the water level in the soil. This will affect the water catchment areas and water supply to rivers, lakes, ponds and swamps. Logging also contributes to the rate of surface runoff that brings a lot of silt and mud into the river, thus promoting the occurrence of flooding. 

Impact on the geomorphological system: logging will reveal the earth's surface directly to a variety of processes such as weathering, erosion, surface runoff, and various  types of mass movement. The loss of surface protection, bonding force, and grip the soil by tree roots causing a loose soil structure and hill slopes become unstable.

Motivation

Motivasi adalah salah satu langkah untuk membina pertahanan diri dengan rangsangan dalam atau luaran. Melalui aktiviti memotivasikan diri ia dapat melahirkan kita sebagai individu yang mempunyai sikap yang yakin dengan kebolehan diri sendiri. Manusia atau insan yang berjaya mempunyai pertahanan dalaman yang sangat kuat. Intra dan interpersonal yang dimiliki insan sebegini sangat hebat dan luar biasa. Bila berbicara tentang motivasi kita sering terfikir bagaimana cara-cara untuk meningkatkan tahap motivasi dalam yang tinggi dan teguh. Antara yang perlu dilakukan ialah yakin dengan kebolehan diri sendiri. Sentiasa melakukan tindakan yang positif dan menerima keputusan dengan hati terbuka. Kaedah ini adalah antara kaedah yang sangat sesuai dalam membentuk motivasi dalaman diri. Nilai-nilai positif perlu diterapkan dalam diri dan perlu diamalkan setiap hari, Contohnya kita perlu menepati masa dan waktu. Dengan disiplin sebegini ia membentuk peribadi individu yang berjati diri dan berpendirian teguh. Now we know motivation very important for our life.

The only five factors which guarantee success

Do you know, how to be success? When we talk about how to succeed! I're read success advice and book and articles. They're all good. To be a succeed you can follow the only five factors which guarantee success. First, I collected and classified those factors which eminently successful men considered essential. These I gathered from talk with big men, from personal letters, from printed interview, and from books. Thus, I had before me the ideas of thirty one of the big men of our country. 

Although their ideas differ, yet certain factors are listed by each of these men; and seventeen qualities are mentioned more than twenty times. They are: health, good, appearance, hard work, enthusiasm, self-confidence, concentration, determination, honesty, good memory, self-control, tact, patience, and imagination.  

These qualities are not determinants of success. They do not guarantee success. Of course, they are important. They are valuable assets, but not determining factors. For instance, a man must "work hard" to succedd, but "hard work" does not always bring success. 

The only five factors which guarantee success is;

The determining factors are: (1) freeing yourself of hindering circumstances and conditions; (2) doing something; (3) being a leader in what you do; (4) rendering service to others; and (5) securing just compensation for service.

                                                                                                                              -BROWN LANDONE-

Philosophy of Teacher Education

Have you heard of the Philosophy of teacher Education (FPG)? Considering the fact that you will soon be involved in the education sector, it is only fitting and more importantly for you know briefly about the FPG.

Formulation of Philosophy of Teacher Education (FPG)

Do you know that FPG was formulated for the realization of the FPK? How is this so? Generally speaking, the FPG outlines the type of teachers aspired by the nation. It goes like this:

"Teacher who have a good personal well-being, progressive and scientifically-oriented, ready to uphold the nation's aspirations and preserve her cultural heritage, promises individual development and maintains a united, democratic, progressive, and disciplined society".

Based on what has been stated above, would you like to list down the role of educational institutions throughout the country in producing the kind of teacher as aspired by the nation to educate the young generation as spelt  out in the FPK?

National Philosophy of Education

As we know, Malaysia is a developing nation. Therefore, it is imperative for us to have our own philosophy of education. With this realization, in 1988, the National Philosophy of Education (FPK) was formulated based on some of our policy documents and ideologies. I am sure you have heard of the FPK. In your own words, write out what you know about FPK (Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan). 

Briefly, the FPK outlines all the terms, ideas and principles related to education in this country. In other words, it combines the goals, policies and educational practices to form a consistent, clear and logical entity. 

Based on what you have just read about the FPK, can you state its aims? In general, FPK aims to rationally clarify the current educational practices as well as facilitate the actions and trends of education in the future (Ministry of Education, 1982).

Would you like to test your memory and write down the FPK as contained in our national education policy? The essence of the FPK is as follows:

"Education in Malaysia is a an on-going effort toward futher developing the potential of 

         individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are 

         intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonic, based on a firm

         belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are 

         knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and 

         capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to 

         the harmony and betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large." 

With reference to the Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (FPK) above, we know the Government aspires for holistic human development encompassing the spiritual, emotionally, intellectual and physical domains. After we know this National Philosophy of Education (Malaysia), we can recognized and plan how to get the aims of education at school. As a teacher i must be refer this philosophy everyday before go to school. Because when i want start teaching i must be plan what i want to do first. Example i want make a lesson plan, so i must put something element from FPK and link to my objective teaching and learning at class. The subject i teach also must be to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, and physically balanced and harmonic. 

As we know through education can make people change mind and attitude. So each person are encouraged to seek knowledge as much as possible. Education very important for all students who want change her/him  life from poor to good and honorable. So for each teacher you should teach your students using multiple skills and look back what aims the Philosophy of Education and Philosophy of Teacher Education, this can help we be a good teacher in the world.

EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION

According Fagerlind & Saha, 1982. The main change agent in education is education as a driving force in the community during the development process. The focus of these developments focus on improving the education needs to improve skills and productivity and the result gives the change in the economic, social, and political. Innovation or change is continuous to ensure the best quality and productivity. Changes in education should be undertaken to reform and new elements can be accepted by society. Changes in education can be driven by introducing new subjects that enhance the ability of a student at the school. This change also includes the process of teaching and learning undertaken in school. Teaching and learning is an important artery to the school of excellence. Effective teaching and ensuring the success result to be proud of. Excellence will not continue if the process does not change the teaching and learning step with the changes that occur in the environment. Management changes should be emphasized by the school to ensure continuity of excellence. In management education, the students and teenagers who have the following characteristics will be easily accepted by society, noble, creative and innovative, mature-minded, high performance, efficient communication, dynamic sound and disciplined. Changes in education is one step to go towards the direction of progress and excellence in community and nation. This step is very important to determine the ideology of a nation. Application of critical elements that can be accepted by society is something that is easy to be carried out in accordance with the surrounding culture and identity.

What Is Education?

Most of the time we talk about Education, we think about school. We often view school in a traditional, formal sense. Many people believe that true learning can only take place in a formal classroom setting. Others feel education occurs in many different forms and environments. There may not be a definitive answer to the question of, ‘What is Education?’ However, we can start thinking about the purpose of education. Is it to educate youth to be responsible citizens? Is it to develop individuals, as well as society, in order to ensure a society’s economic success? Or is the purpose of education to simply focus on developing individual talents and intelligence? Perhaps it is the balance of all three that defines education? While our answers may differ, we can perhaps agree that education is a basic human right. When that right is granted growth and development, the society as a whole is more likely to improve in areas such as health, nutrition, general income and living standards and population fertility rates.

The information in this section will prompt you to think about some very important issues surrounding the topic of education. As global citizens of the world it is our responsibility to critically think about these issues and attempt to come up with solutions to the problems plaguing education. In 1990 UNESCO launched EFA, the movement to provide quality education for all children, youth, and adults by the year 2015. Seventeen years later much progress still needs to be made if we are to achieve the goal for 2015. The unfortunate reality is that for many countries, larger issues precede improving the quality of education. How can we achieve the goals of EFA when numerous countries around the world are faced with challenges that seem far too impossible to overcome?

The answer lies in attempting to bridge some of the gaps that prevent developing nations to compete with developed nations. One example is that of providing greater access to technology and narrowing the ever widening digital divide. In many ways the most basic access to technology can serve as a valuable educational tool. Individuals who are not afforded this access are at a disadvantage when trying to grasp opportunities to make life better for themselves, their families, and their community.

Another issue that poses a barrier to widespread development is that of literacy. There still remains a rather larger percentage of illiterate youth and adults in many nations around the world. Economic difficulty and lack of education get in the way of decreasing illiteracy rates. As you will learn in the following sections, literacy is no longer simply limited to reading and writing. 

There are many different capacities in which an individual living in the twenty-first century can be literate. Helping to strengthen skills in other areas, can still help to make progress on sustaining the development of a nation, as well as achieve gender equality. The gender gap in education points to the fact that females are still not afforded the same opportunities as males. In many parts of the world cultures see no value in educating females. Two of the eight Millennium Development Goals, achieving universal primary education and promoting gender equality, seek to close the gaps that exist in the education around the world. If we can make some advancement on achieving these goals, we can further the progress on the remaining six. Education is the foundation for the success of any given society. Numerous studies have shown the correlation between education and lower birth rates, lower infant mortality rates and fewer maternal deaths. Furthermore, a more educated population will also result in higher personal incomes as we all expand access to financial opportunities. 

In summary therefore, education does not only encourage personal development, it also offers the general growth of an entire community providing a place for people to interact, socialize, and unify their societies.

 Source : http://issues.tigweb.org/education

Succeed

To Succeed greatly, you must climb up from under the limitations of circumstances and conditions; and do something in such a way that you become a leader in rendering service and securing just compensation for your service.


A star will lead you! 
And never take you into wandering by-way!
It's a five pointed star.
It dares you to be free, to do what you most want to do,
lead others, to render service, to demand justice!
It's the star of attaiment.
It leads with certainty to a real pot of pure gold !
                                                      - BROWN LANDONE

FATHER, MOTHER AND SON

One day, a school boy was asked by his teacher.

Teacher         : Peter, may I know, whose your father and mother?

Peter             : I'm sorry teacher, I don't know.

Teacher         : You'd better ask your father?

Peter             : I will do that teacher.

At Home

Peter            : Dad, my teacher had asked me a question at school today but I can't answer it.

Father          : What is that?

Peter            : He asked me, who is my father and my mother.

Father          : Oh! That is easy. You tell that I am your father, my wife is your mother and you is my son.

On next day at school.

Teacher        : Peter, can you give me the answer to my question yesterday?

Peter            : Oh! Sure teacher. My father said I am your father, my wife is your mother and you is my son.

Teacher        : Oh! My God.